Paul L. Dunbar :: essays research papers

Paul Laurence Dunbar&9Paul Laurence Dunbar was born June 27, 1872 in Dayton, OH. His mother Matilda, was a former slave and his father Joshua had escaped slavery and served in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment and the 5th Massachusetts Colored Calvary Regiment during the Civil war (online). Joshua and Matilda separated in 1874.&9Dunbar came from a poor family. After his father left, his mother supported the family by working as a washerwoman. One of the families she worked for was the family of Orville and Wilbur Wright. Paul attended Daytons Central laid-back School with the two. When Matilda was a slave she heard a lot of poems by the families she worked for. She loved song and encouraged her children to read poetry as well. Dunbar began writing and reciting poetry as early as age six. &9Paul was one of the most popular poets of his time and was the graduation exercise black American writer to give national and international reputation. He was non only a poet, but also a novelist, short story writer, writer of articles and dramatic sketches, plays and lyrics for musical compositions. His first volume of poetry, "Oak and Ivy" was published in 1893. Many of his poems and stories were written in Afro-American dialect, of which he was initially most noted for (Martin and Hudson 16). &9His indorsement volume, "Majors and Minors" was published in 1895. "Majors and Minor" were a collection of poems that was written in standard English ("major") and in dialect ("minor") (Young 373). It was this book that fixed him on his literary path. This book attracted favorable notice by novelist and critic, William Dean Howells who also introduced Dunbars next book, "Lyrics of Lowly career" which contained some of the finest verses of the first two volumes.&9Dunbar was a popular writer of short fiction. He relied upon tone, subtle details expressed through speech, atmosphere, assumed politeness and morals, and mood rather than plot to tell his tale. His depiction of life on plantations gives a vivid account of the fate of black men before and later on the emancipation.&9&9Interestingly enough, Dunbar did write about whites in society also. He did not write about them at the bottom of society, but sarcastically wrote of them in the upper class of society as detailed in his story " The End of the Chapter".&9Unlike a few writers at that time, Dunbar did not only write about black people struggling to survive, but black people flourishing.

The Lady Her Porch And Her Chair :: essays research papers

The Lady,Her Porch, and Her ChairOnce there lived an old lady named Clair Higgins. both summer day she would sit out on her porch in her rocking chair drinking lemonade and reading a book. She looked like a nice person, but statement had it that she was a mean old lady. Some people say that she killed her husband, others say that her husband ran away from her. It was so hard to believe though. Clair didnt look anything like a mean person. She looked so gentle and kind. She hair fair skin and rosy cheeks. Her hair was a shinny silver-gray,and it was somewhat long. Her lips were plush and pink,all this surprising at her age. or so women her age make believe thinning gray hair and lots of wrinkles. That was another thing that was weird about her, she had few wrinkles. She doesnt look all that tall and shes fairly skinny. Ive never seen her smile, she looks so lonely. Or maybe the book she is reading is just sad. Even though she doesnt smile, I still think that she is kind at heart . good because her husband isnt around doesnt mean she killed him. Maybe he died of old age or is in a nursing home. Wherever he is, people have no right talking about her and saying stuff that they dont even know is true. Her porch is in pretty good condition. It looks like a comforting mail service to sit out on nice days. Except for the few cobwebs that have gathered in the corners it looks nice. The steps are cement and there are superlative beds surrounding the porch, with beautiful flowers in them. They were so pretty that they lit up the whole house,and you would just want walk up to them and smell distributively one. It makes me approve though, how do those flowers get there? Clair is always reading her book or looking out into the sky. What am I saying, there probably annual bulbs. Her porch had a roof, protecting her from the sun on hot days and it protected her from the rain on rainy days. One the roof is a light so she can buoy read in the dark. The porch made a si lent creaking sound as she rocked back and forth. On the porch was a table where she set her lemonade down each day. It also held her blanket and a candle for when she got a chill.

Global Warming Essays -- Environment Global Warming Climate Change

Global WarmingClimate change is neither new nor unusual. Throughout the history of the earth, the average surface temperature, climate and glasshouse gas concentrations have changed, sometimes gradually other times quite sharply. During the past 10,000 years the earth has been in an interglacial period with a fairly stable climate, surface temperature, and greenhouse gas concentration1. The problem that has arisen in recent times is when scientists analyze the past 150 years, especially the last 50. Scientists have found an change magnitude greenhouse gas concentration, making the 20th century the hottest in the last 10,000 years.Although the earth has undergone periodic changes known as global cooling and global warming, right aways global warming is unique, cod to human influences. The greenhouse effect is essentially gasses in the atmosphere trapping heat, rather like a gondola window does in the summer. The major heat trapping gasses found in the atmosphere are CO2 a nd water vapor- which are found in bighearted quantity, 03(ozone), ch4(methane), and N2O(nitrous oxide)-which are better heat trappers but found in smaller quantity, CFCs and PFCs- which are rattling potent and destroy ozone. The rapid elevation of these gasses in the past fifty years have been the cause for concern of scientists calling it a global warming problem.Global warming is a natural process as well as a human assisted process. Solar flares and sunspots along with natural elevation of greenhouse gasses due to volcanic activety are the natural causes for global warming. Dr. Judy Lean, a leading astrophysicist, looked at global warming trends from 1860 to the present day. Her research has found from 1860 to 1970, global warming was largely due to natural sources. But from 1970 to the present natural sources accounted for only one-third the increase while human influence accounted for the remaining two-thirds of the increased greenhouse effect. The increase in greenho use gasses from human sources comes from a variety of things. Elevated Co2 levels, which have been increasing at a rate of 0.5% per year, largely come from the burning of fossil fuels(70-75%), especially coal. Deforestation and plant burning account for the remainder. Increased Methane and Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere are mostly due to agriculture rice patties, cattle, termites and decline of dead... ...ns in order to stop the increase. In order to slow the increase, the efficient use of fossil fuels must be adapted. Natural gas gives off very little co2 and methane if burned properly. Deforestation must also be stopped in order to give natural co2 scrubbers, plants, a fortune to aid in the process. Governmental programs have also been implemented. A carbon tax has been considered along with the passing of the 1990 Clean Air Act, aimed at lowering emissions and alter air pollution. On a world wide scale, the Kyoto Accord in 1997, in which 159 nations agreed to work together to decrease Co2 emissions by 5.5% by 2012. The United States agreed, since it accounts for 25% of the worlds total emissions by 1990 figures, to cut its emissions by 7%.Global warming is still a major issue in world and U.S. politics. Conservatives argue for more market-orientated solutions, resulting in the imposition of taxes, resulting in higher prices for environment polluting goods. Liberals on the other hand advocate stiffer industry regulation and more send controls. Any action taken, whatever the ideology, can only help to solve an increasing problem but at what cost to the consumer?

Macbeth :: Essays Papers

MacbethThe witches and Lady Macbeth appear to dominate Macbeths will, but in reality Macbeth is always in ascertain. The confusion is created because, hostile these one dimensional, aggravating characters, he understands the complexity of the problem and must wrestle with his conscience. However, his action is based primarily upon his own desires. Ironically, given his understanding of the issues, he is affright by the immensity of his crime once it has been committed and his terrified of the consequences.Clearly Macbeth understands the problem he faces and must struggle with his conscience. Throughout Macbeths soliloquy in facial expression 1 he expresses his feelings by saying,Hear not my steps, which way they walk, for aidThy very stones prate of my whereabout,And take the present horror from the time,Which now suits with it. Whiles I threat, he livesWords to the heat of deeds too cold breath gives. (Act 2, impression 1)With that speech he is saying dont hear the steps I walk for fear they will give away my whereabouts. He wishes that the silence would outrage so he could finish his work. This meaning he wants the bell to ring, causing a break in silence, signaling him to kill Duncan so he can get his evil deed finished. To add to that point he also is saying that public lecture is delaying action. Actions being the killing of Duncan. The bold reality is that he is struggling within himself because he just wants to get it over and done with. He has everything under control now and just hopes that he wont be found out. The complexity of his problem between his ambition and loyalty he recognizes, knowing that he wants to do this but prays not to be caught in his act of disloyalty. Macbeths ambitions are that of his own desire. The murdering of Duncan is purely what Mabeth truly wants. These desires are well pointed out during his soliloquy in Scene 1. He says, Is this a dagger which I describe before me, The handle toward my hand? Co me, let me clutch thee.I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensibleTo feeling as to sight? or art thou butA dagger of the mind, a fabricated creation,Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?I see thee yet, in form as palpable

arthritis Essay -- essays research papers fc

Arthritis.Arthritis is a disease that in well-nigh manner effects everyone. Whether you have arthritis or not, chances are, you have sex someone who does and can see the effect it has on them. There are some common misconceptions about arthritis, types of arthritis, and the causes. There are in fact some different types of the disease that most people dont know about. One type of arthritis is osteoarthritis. It is a degenerative arthritis (a condition in which joint gristle breaks down). New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, has no cartilage cap to shape it. This new bone forms into lips and ridges that grind and grate against each other and get in the way of how the joint moves. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of using a joint more that one usually uses one. The sheer cartilage wears away on bone rubs on bone. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases like Pagets disease (in which the long bones of the body curve), or osteoporosis. Osteoarthrit is of the spine is called Spondylosis. That happens when joints degenerate and the weight of the body is supported unevenly. Other forms of arthritis can also cause whats called a secondary osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis does not happen to all people when they get old. Only some elderly people get the disease. Women are affected more than men. Usually their heredity and the cleverness of their immune systems are the reasons why. Medical science still isnt quite sure of all the reasons why some people get it and others dont. provided they do offer some suggestions for treatment. Exercising to keep joints flexible and improve muscle strength. Different medications are used to control pain including corticosteroids, NSA... ...nbspwww.arthritis.org/conditions/DiseaseCenter/oa.asp Arthritis foundation (no discover given) Retrieved Apr. 14th, 2003 2.(No power given) Arthritis www.kineretrx.com/rhumatoid_arthritis.htmAmgen 2001 Retrieved Apr. 14th, 20033.(No author given) Arthritis ww w.aaos.org/wordhtml/pat_educ/aritis.htm American academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2000 Retrieved Apr. 13th, 20034.(No author given) New Studies Link Rheumatoid Arthritis and Heart Disease www.allaboutarthritis.com/portal/DPUY/AAA DePuy Orthopaedics 2003 Retrieved Apr. 15th, 2003 5.(No author given) Examples of Rheumatic Diseases www.niams.nih.gov/hi/topics/arthritis/artrheu.htmart_a National institute for arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin disease. Feb 2002. Retrieved Apr. 16th, 2002

arthritis Essay -- essays research papers fc

Arthritis.Arthritis is a disease that in some way effects everyone. Whether you have arthritis or not, chances be, you know someone who does and can see the effect it has on them. There are some common misconceptions about arthritis, types of arthritis, and the causes. There are in fact some different types of the disease that most population dont know about. One type of arthritis is osteoarthritis. It is a degenerative arthritis (a fountain in which joint cartilage breaks down). New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, has no cartilage cap to shape it. This new bone forms into lips and ridges that grind and grate against each different and get in the way of how the joint moves. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of using a joint to a greater extent that one usually uses one. The thin cartilage wears away on bone rubs on bone. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases like Pagets disease (in which the large bones of the body curve), or osteoporosis. Osteoarthritis of the spine is called Spondylosis. That happens when joints degenerate and the weight of the body is supported unevenly. Other forms of arthritis can also cause whats called a secondary osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis does not happen to all people when they get old. Only some elderly people get the disease. Women are affected more(prenominal) than men. Usually their heredity and the strength of their immune systems are the reasons why. Medical science still isnt quite sure of all the reasons why some people get it and others dont. But they do offer some suggestions for treatment. Exercising to keep joints flexible and improve muscle strength. Different medications are used to moderate pain including corticosteroids, NSA... ...nbspwww.arthritis.org/conditions/DiseaseCenter/oa.asp Arthritis foundation (no date given) Retrieved Apr. 14th, 2003 2.(No author given) Arthritis www.kineretrx.com/rhumatoid_arthritis.htmAmgen 2001 Retrieved Apr. 14th, 20033.(No author given ) Arthritis www.aaos.org/wordhtml/pat_educ/aritis.htm American academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2000 Retrieved Apr. 13th, 20034.(No author given) New Studies Link Rheumatoid Arthritis and Heart Disease www.allaboutarthritis.com/ gate/DPUY/AAA DePuy Orthopaedics 2003 Retrieved Apr. 15th, 2003 5.(No author given) Examples of Rheumatic Diseases www.niams.nih.gov/hi/topics/arthritis/artrheu.htmart_a National institute for arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin disease. Feb 2002. Retrieved Apr. 16th, 2002

Research Paper on Extraction of Pectin Essay

Sampalok, being of prehistoric introduction, is shewed throughout the settled areas of the Philippines and is functiond for its many uses. The demonstrate is a large tree from 12 to 25 meters in height. The pods are oblong, thickened, and 6 to 15 centimetres by 2 to 3 centimeters, slightly compressed, and provided with a thin, crustaceous epicarp and a pulpy, acid, edible mesocarp. The young leaves flowers, leaves, and young pods are being used by people for seasoning foods like sinigang. The pulp surrounding the seeds, called malasebo is eaten outright either with or without salt (E. Quisumbing, 1951). Sampalok pulp contains Pectin which can be useful in our society and possibly be extracted. Pectin is a morphologic heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary electric cell walls of terrestrial plants. The briny use for pectin (vegetable agglutinate) is as a gelling agent, thickening agent and stabilizer in food.On this account, the researcher would like to experiment on tama rindo pods, which has Pectin content and to extract it for further use, which can help in the food industry here in our country. Statement of the ProblemThe study aims to extract Pectin from Sampalok (Tamarindus indica) pods. specifically to answer, the following questions* How can Pectin be extracted from Sampalok?* How much Pectin can be extracted from the Tamarind fruit?* What general characteristics did the Pectin from the Tamarind fruit exhibit? Hypotheses* Pectin cannot be extracted from Tamarind.* No mensuration of Pectin can be extracted from the Tamarind.* The tamarind fruit did not exhibit characteristics of Pectin. Significance of the StudyThis study will help reduce the countrys importee of pectin from other countries. . Based from Governments statistical data, our country had imported about 93,150 kilos of pectin in 2008. The cost incurred in importing Pectin is about P27, 000 per kilo. Finding an election source of pectin from locally grown plants like tamarind will help reduce the countrys dependence on pectin importation as well as help the local economy. If proven that pectin can be commercially extracted from tamarind then the local populace will be encouraged to cultivate tamarind as extra income.Scope and LimitationsIn this study, the researcher is only limited to use the tamarind pulp surrounding the seeds, called malasebo Tamarind pulp is the main independent variable in the extraction of pectin except for the materials needed for the extraction cultivate. This project is limited only in extracting pectin from tamarind pulp.Review of Related belles-lettresPectin is defined as complex mixtures of polysaccharides that make up approximately one third of the cell-wall dry substance of most types of plants (Van Buren, 1991). The function of pectin in plants is to contribute structural integrity to the cell wall and adhesion between cells. The methods of extraction will vary based on the actual makeup for each particular plant type. For e xample, protopectins are brought into solution by hot dilute acids. The general makeup of the pectin content varies with ripening of the plant and it is fairly easily brought into solution depending on the plant type (Van Buren, 1991).Commercial pectin extraction is mainly from citrus peel and apple pomace, but several other sources exist such as breadstuff beets and helianthus heads. Because it is a natural additive for foods, pectin is being considered for a number of applications beyond the traditional jams and jellies. Pectin is now used as thickeners, water binders, and stabilizers. It is used in yogurts and pastry dough glazes and as a stabilizer in drinkable yogurts and blends of milk and fruit juices (May, 1990). Pectin is also being used as a texturizing fat replacer to mimic the mouth-feel of lipids in low-calorie foods and shorter drawing string galacturonic acids hurl been considered as clarification agents in fruit juices (Braddock, 1999).Pectin is also being used as a texturizing fat replacer to mimic the mouth-feel of lipids in low-calorie foods and shorter chain galacturonic acids have been considered as clarification agents in fruit juices (Braddock, 1999).Pectin has also been investigated for its usefulness in the pharmaceutical industry. Among other uses it has been considered in the class of dietary fibers known to have a positive effect on digestive processes and to help lower cholesterol (Braddock, 1999). It also is utilized to stabilize liquid pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions.Pectin is capable of forming gels with sugar and acid. Because of this gelling ability one of the well-known uses of pectin is in high sugar jams and confectionery jellies, dating back to at least the 18th century (IPPA, 2001).METHODOLOGYThe consequent materials were used in the study 1 kg fresh tamarind fruit, 750g water, kettle, a large whorl, cheese cloth, sieve, isopropanol, and drying oven. The fruit pods will then be bewilder in the kettle and boiled for one hour. When boiling, heat to low and stir occasionally to break up pods. Transfer cooked pods with water in the large bowl and strain using a sieve, pressing pulp against it to extract all the juice. Then, strain the extracted juice again using the cheese cloth to produce a clear liquid extract. To remove impurities, use the most common method in which, mix the liquid extract with an organic solvent in which pectin is insoluble.As International Food Standards permit the use of only methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol as an organic solvent, the researcher treated the liquid extract with isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) in the ratio of 1 part liquid extract to 2 parts alcohol. In this process, when the liquid extract is mixed with sufficient alcohol, it solidifies the extract, making it firm bounteous to be handled. This precipitate (Pectin) is then washed several times to further remove other impurities. Once the pectin is isolated, it is dried in a drying oven overnight at 45 degrees Celsius, then ground to powder.Definition of TermsPectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. It is used in food as a gelling agent particularly in jams and jellies. It is also used in fillings, medicines, sweets, as a stabilizer in fruit juices and milk drinks, and as a source of dietary fiber. Tamarind is a long-lived, medium-growth, bushy tree, which attains a maximum crown height of 12.1 to 18.3 metres (40 to 60 feet). The crown has an irregular, vase-shaped outline of dense foliage. The fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod, 12 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) in length, with a hard, brown shell. The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidulous pulp. It is mature when the flesh is benighted brown or reddish-brown.The tamarinds of Asia have longer pods containing six to 12 seeds, whereas African and West Indian varieties have short pods containing one to six seeds. The seeds are sanely flattened, and g lossy brown. The tamarind is best described as sweet and sour in taste, and is high in acid, sugar, B vitamins and, oddly for a fruit, calcium. Extraction the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound using physical or chemical means.BIBLIOGRAPHYBook Sources* Quisumbing, E. (1951) Philippine Medicinal Plants. Genus TAMARINDUS Linnaeus pp. 434-436, Manila* Srivastava, P. & Malviya, R. (2011) Indian daybook of Natural Products and Resources Vol. 2 (1) Sources of pectin, extraction and its applications in pharmaceutical industry. pp. 10-18* May, C. D. Handbook of Hydrocolloids pp. 169-188* Huang, J. M. G. Improved method for the extraction of Pectin, PO Box 4200 Highstown, New Jersey 08520

Attachment theory Essay

appendage is an important factor in a childs life. It makes them feel safe and secure.The infants tendency to seek the closeness to particular great deal and to feel much secure in their presence. (Erikson 1976)I think that when Erikson made this statement, what he was actually saying was that an alliance is when a child is more well-provided in a set if they be with the people they atomic number 18 closest to and the people that they like to be with and seek attention of these people more than others.Attachment is like a piece of invisible string that binds individuals in a way that allows a healthy learning (psychology for AS level).This statement in my tone states that an shackle which forms a bond between the people involved is important for good development for the child.What happens if there isnt a bond or an bail bond in the childs life? I am going to look into three different psychologists theories on fastening and see what their opinions on the theater are.The first psychologist I am looking into is Bowlby. Bowlby had very strong opinions on attachment and the long term affects a neglect of a bond or attachment rotter have on a childs life. Bowlby believed that a child should form one and only one strong attachment which should be with the mother of the child. This is known as mo nonrophy. The father in Bowlbys eyes was there for the making of the baby only and would display no foreplay or importance in the childs upbringing.Bowlby came to the conclusion that children who failed to form this bond with their mother in the first three years of the childs life would have problems in later life bonding with people and trusting people. He also described a child with a lack of bonding to be an affectionless psychopath, which he described to be individual who shows lack of guilt when done somewhatthing wrong has difficulties showing emotion to things around them or someone with demeanor problems. Another affect of not having an attachment in this critical arrest as it was also known in Bowlbys eyes was development retardation which meant the child may grow up with learning difficulties or slower intellectual skills.The next psychologist I am going to discuss is bloody shame Ainsworth. Ainsworth investigated bonding and broke it down into different sections. She broke it down it to three different types of attachment. These were secure attachments, anxious avoidant attachments and anxious resistant attachments.Secure attachments were described as the strongest of the three. This is where the children know they are loved and bring offd for and they feel secure with the person they have bonded to. When they are left without their attachment intent for the first time they will show lots of distress and illogical. However after time they will line apply to being left and they will not be as discommode as time gos on.Anxious avoidant attachment is not as strong as the secure attachment and the bond it weaker. Th ese children seem more independent and can manage small tasks on their own. This may be due to a change in the attachment fingers breadths attitude or behaviour towards the child which may be caused by death or separation from a partner. This can also be caused by separation from child and attachment figure due to illness or separation at birth. This attachment is ordinarily weaker because of the lack of full trust from either party.Anxious resistant attachment is similar to anxious avoidant attachment but the child often is more clingy and seeks more attention to people as well as the attachment figure but when people tries to hold dear them they will often not accept the comfort.The last psychologists I am going to look at are Shaffer and Emerson. Shaffer and Emersons theory is the one Ainsworth used to conclude her investigations. They looked more at children with multiple attachments which contradicts Bowlbys theory which said only one strong attachment can be made. They br oke their findings down in to four sections. These sections are Asocial stage which is children of 0-2, the indiscriminate stage, children of 2-7 months, specific stage which is children of 7 months plus and then in conclusion multiple attachment.Asocial stage is described to be where the children aged 0-2 months will respond to human faces but will not show any principal(prenominal) distress towards whom it is they are with. This means that if you placed a 0-2 month baby in a day care setting then they will not really kick much of a fuss when their mother leaves them they will usually be happy and content as long as they are getting some attention. On my placement while I was working in the 0-2 room the youngest child there at the time was only 6 weeks old she would come to nursery with no hassle every day after her nap she would sometimes cry a little bit until she got some attention. She was happy when her mum came to get her but she didnt cry for her when she wasnt there. Wher e as one of the oldest children who was approximately 18 months used to cry for her mum nearly all day, she only seemed happy when she was eating.The indiscriminate stage is for children from 2 month up until 7 month. These children are more aware of what is happening and they know who they elect to spend time with usually in most cases it is the main care giver, but they will still be ok and not too stressed around strangers and unknown faces.The specific stage is where one strong attachment is clear and the child becomes very weary and anxious around unknown people. This is usually why when a child over 7 months is brought into a child care setting, they take a while to settle and cry for their carer.Multiple attachments are where the child is close to or has an attachment with more than one person. This is often when they spend a lot of time with these people as well as their care givers. These people can include grand parents, extended family, neighbours and realistically peop le who they spend a lot of time with and they feel safe around.As some of the theorists mentioned above said they would be distress when a child was left or was separated from their attachment figure its is important that children get used to a setting before being brought and left alone. In some child care setting they hold trim backs for the children where they can come with their attachment figure and see the setting and play with the other children to see what it is like and to get to know the care workers faces first.In my placement they do this over a period of 6 visits( long-lived if child is very unsettled) to avoid too much stress and upset for the new children coming to nursery each time a visit takes place the attachment figure will stay a little bit less than the time before leaving the child with the other children and care givers. This way they feel that the child gets used to not having their mother there all the time and also gets to know the other people in the set ting and environment.Another way the children help settle in the nurseries or child care setting is they are allowed to bring with them a transitional object with them to comfort them when they get upset.One child in my placement had a pink moderate which she has all the time when she is upset. When she settles down she often puts it down a leaves it on the floor, at this point the care worker picks it up discreetly and puts it in her box. They do this because they feel if she is playing nice and contently then she sees the cushion she will pick it up and carry it round again where as if it is out of the way the child will hopefully play for a longer amount of time. The child gets it back if she asks for it or if she becomes distressed on upset in anyway.In my placement to avoid too much stress and upset for the new children coming to nursery, they have an induction period. This is where the child will come in to the nursery with their parent to have a look around, meet the ply an d the other children in the setting. The child gets to play with the toys and will start to get used to the setting so when its time for their parent to leave then it wont be so distressing.When a child is in the setting some of the parents come and visit the child during lunch time or if they get a break at work. This was good for some children as it reassured the children that their parents were coming back for them and they hadnt just left them forever. For some children however this was not beneficial and the situation was more distressing for them having to say bye to their carer all over again.

Professional Leadership Journal – Narcissism and Machiavellianism Assessments

According to Nahavandi (2012), personalities with an elevated score on the scale are relaxed using several resources to contact their individual aims. The Machiavellian (Mach) scale measures an individuals willingness to put self-interests and his or her preferences above the interests of the group and a persons ability to influence and verify others for personal gain (Nahavandi, 2012).An individual with a high Mach score might have an absence of morality and truthfulness and both of these are necessities of operative management. As I completed the two different assessments, I was astonished by my results. I completed the Machiavellianism Assessment first, I scored a 23 and according to the text edition an average score is 24. My score shows that I score within the average range and that I am willing to put my self-interests aside and work as a group to reach a goal.I then completed the Narcissism assessments and scored a 118, which completely shook me, Ive never considered myself a narcissistic person, tho according to this data I am in fact that way. Narcissistic people love the idea of having power over people, but I am the total opposite, I would rather be a team player than a leader. But I do have some of the traits that constitute me as a narcissist. As a future public wellness leader, my Machiavellianism Assessment should be high and my Narcissism assessment should be low.In any public health situation being able to put your self-interests to the side helps to alleviate unwanted stress and it also helps to analyze the situation carefully. Nahavandi (2012) states that positive narcissistic leaders may have an exaggerated sense of self and entitlement, but they use their self-confidence, power, and influence to achieve goals, much the same way a moderate Machiavellian would. This seems more(prenominal) like what I strive to do in my life and in my work life.

Managing Organizational Change (MOC) Essay

What open you learned about Managing Organizational Change (MOC) and how atomic number 18 you going to apply MOC concepts to benefit your c ber?1.0. Executive SummaryBased on my time in class these last 7 weeks, I pass learned a process that I neer k unseasoned really existed. I pick out worked for several(prenominal) companies, large and small, in my lifetime and I defecate never really experienced an Organizational Change process like what has been introduced in this class. I felt that the information provided could be very accustomful in whatsoeverones c argoner because it is a more(prenominal) social unified way of executing counter deviate in an establishment with minimal problems during the transition. I am sure that the large companies that I have worked for had some sort of formal spay process or model in place when I worked for them. I believe that the communication of the changes could have been done better now that I am conscious of what to look for in such a practice.What it boils exhaust to is that now that I am aw atomic number 18 that there is a formal process for each of the three areas concerning organizational change according to the Lewins model that I used in my MOC project, I testament be able to use these processes to assist upper management in any organization that I am a part of in order to defend the change as easy as possible. In my current situation, I ordain recommend to my organization various processes and/or models that are not currently cosmos used for all the changes that we are currently experiencing.For fashion model, when I discussed the MOC project with my CEO and what it was going to be about, he was very kindle in the outcome because he was not aware of any type of formal change model to begin with. Many of the decisions that he has made involving the change Ric notice and I discussed in our MOC project seem to coincide with a formal process of some sort, however it was not formally identified and s pecifically followed as we discussed in class during our MOC presentation. The plan is to continue to make recommendations to my employer as changes continue base on the material received and the research completed during the MOC project development.2.0. frame of Deliverables2.1. Managing Organizational Change (MOC) Concepts.During the MOC project there were several MOC concepts that I was interested in and had struggles understanding along the way. How it was explained to me was that some of the concepts fucking be used in more than one stage of theorganizational change with some modification of course.2.1.1. Change mold ConceptI had a lot of struggles trying to fix on a change model with my partner Rickey during the development of our MOC project. Most of which is because I was not able to determine the difference between the Change baby-sit and the Change make doment Model. Once I was able to distinguish the two concepts, it made it easier to decide on which one to use. We decided to use the Lewin Change Model for our project. There are three stages to Lewins Change model unfreeze, change, and refreeze. The unfreeze stage of this change model involves preparing the organization to accept the change and that it is necessary for time to come growth in the organization. You have to be prepared to provide examples of why the change is necessary such as the benefits of the change and that you as management have done your due diligence to research why this would be the best way to make the change. Unfortunately, some changes are not decided by choice.For example, in mine and Rickeys MOC project, we illustrate that AC4S had to make a change in their Accounting System because it would not be jut outed in the year 2011. This send-off stage is usually the most challenging and can be where you experience the most resistance if you have not prepared your organization successfully or received total buy in of those affected by the change. The next stage of Lewin s Change Model is the actual change itself. This can be the area where individuals begin to resolve the uncertainty that a change has developed. It is too part of the change process where employees start to embrace the change and support the new bursting charge that the organization is going. Experts say that this is not an overnight process. However, in the change that AC4S is experienced in changing their Accounting System, it was continually explained that the new dodging had a reporting arranging that would make managing projects much easier because the financial documents can be generated in real-time.This was just one of the some(prenominal) benefits that were provided to employees during the change process. Time and communication are the two keys to success for the changes to occur. People submit time to understand the changes and they also need to feel highly connected to the organization doneout the transition period. When you are managing change, this can require a great deal of time and effort and hands-on management isusually the best approach. (LEWINS CHANGE MANAGEMENT example UNDERSTANDING THE THREE STAGES OF CHANGE, http//www.consultpivotal.com/lewins.htm) The final stage of Lewins Change Model is the refreeze stage. This is the stage when the citizenry of the organization have incorporated the changes into everyday business and are used all the time.However, sometimes at this stage you may need to adjust some changes for them to be more effective or more dependable to the organization. At this point, the organization needs to refreeze. This stage is very distinguished to complete. The employees have to have closure in the process in order to want to be involved in approachings changes in the organization. In the example of AC4S Accounting System change, the President and CEO did not want call the change as being complete until the organization did not have to use the previous governing body at all. His refreeze stage was considere d completed when he shut the old system down completely.2.1.2. Forces for Change ConceptToday, organizations have to continually monitor its external environment in order to maintain a competitive delimitation. This competitive edge consists of reservation internal adjustments in order to meet the customers needs whether it is a product or service. Here are some examples that illustrate what Kotter identifies as four global environmental forces for change * Technological, which requires more globally, connected people and faster communication and transportation. * Greater economic integration of currencies and international capital flows. * growth and slowdown of domestic markets, leading to greater emphasis on exports and deregulation. * Fall of socialist countries and their reorientation toward capitalist economies. While the latter has led to new opportunities such as larger markets and fewer barriers to entry, it also has been associated with more competition and a demand for increased speed. (Palmer, Ian. Managing Organizational Change, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2008. p. 56).In the case of AC4S, they were agonistic to make their Accounting System change due to technology. They were informed by the supporters of the accounting system software that it will not be supported in the year 2011 back in 2009. I believe that this change was going to be necessary flattually whether it was going to be supported or not, establish on the growth of the organization and in order to be able to compete with the much largerorganizations that AC4S competes with and teams with for business. The benefits that were generated by the executive team for this accounting system upgrade illustrated massive improvements in many processes completed internally consisting of the way financial reports are generated, a procurement capability that was not available previously, and a Human Resource module that provides statistical information and is HIPPA compliant. 2.1.3. Images of Change ConceptEvery change manager has a different image of what managing change room and these images are often based on how the manager of the change can achieve the change and how the change should be approached. At least six images of change management can be identified directing, navigating, caretaking, coaching, interpreting and nurturing. These images are also considered to be posts that are play during the course of the change. The following identifies all six images (6 Images of Change, http//www.12manage.com/forum.asp?TB=change_management_iceberg&S=48) 1. Director this role will be played out different for situations like that of communicating change, sustaining change. 2. Navigator similar to the director role still this one is only given so much power.3. Caretaker takes care of issues within change, again through various things like evaluating change. 4. Coach will coach the people within an organization to carry out change or will sort out relevant i ssues. 5. Interpreter will interpret the change that is to be carried to staff, has strong link with moment. 6. Nurturer facilitates change, makes sure that everyone understands it. I believe that during the change process that several people play several of these roles at the same time. In the example change that I have been referring to at AC4S, the CEO main role during this change was the Director of the change, however there were moments that he was required to play the role of the navigator, the caretaker, the coach, the interpreter and nurturer not only to the VP of Finance except towards the organization as a whole from time to time. I also believe that the VP of Finance played the different five roles or images at one point or another depending on where and what was being done during the change.2.1.4. Change Management Model to Manage the Change ConceptChange management models are methods by which the processes of change management are implemented. (Change management model s, http//changemanagementmodels.net/change-management-models/) Based on what I have introduced to begin with in this essay is that the Change Management Model is used during the actual change that is occurring or taking place. For example, the second stage of the Lewin Change Model discussed primarily in the text as the change stage. Change has to be continuous in an organization in order to keep a competitive edge in your market segment, as well as improve customer satisfaction through various improvements of internal processes. If the change is not managed correctly, it can make or break an organization. This is something that we have discussed several times about in class about different organizations such as Kodak. Kodak decided to hang on to traditions such as you will be a Kodak employee for life that really hurt them in the end when it came necessary to make major changes in the structure of the organization.During the research for my MOC project, Rickey and I found the Kir kpatrick Change model almost matched up to the steps that AC4S performed during the change management. As we stated in our presentation to the AC4S Executive committal last week, the steps that AC4S followed during the change management portion of changing our accounting system followed very close to the Kirkpatrick steps but was not formally recognise by the organization. We provided them the steps and described how they matched up so that during future changes in the organization so that there will be a more structured method of change management.Below are the steps to the Kirkpatrick Change Management Model 1. Determine the need or desire for change. AC4S was informed that they were going to have to change accounting systems due to nonsupport by the software developer. This change was also necessary to meet the needs of the organization when it comes to future growth support. 2. Prepare pro dealal plans AC4S hired a consultant to prepare a tentative plan for the change. 3. An alyze probable reaction The consultant provided several solutions that included the accounting system software and the organizations that will support them. 4. Make a final decision The AC4S Executive Team made a decision on the software and support package based on the presentation provided by the consultant that was an expert in this field.5. Establish a timetable The consultant provided the Executive Staff a timetable of more or less howlong that it would take the necessary changes to bring the new system online and fully functional. 6. Communicate the change The CEO began communication with all employees within the organization in order to initiate the change via a KickOff Meeting. The VP of Finance managed several other face-to-face group meetings with the change and technical teams in order to determine the gird of the change establish timetables and additional directions during the change. 7. Implement the change AC4S actually implementing the change selected by the e xecutive staff. 2.2. Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs)2.2.1. TCO ADepending on the organization, change can be generated by many different forces. As I have said previously, in order for an organization to stay competitive in any field of service, change has to be mastered and incorporated in everyday activity. A way for organizations to stay competitive is to continue to improve internal processes and procedures that will in turn improve customer satisfaction because you are providing more efficient customer service. Some organizations like AC4S that are IT service providers have to continually change due to the driving forces of technology. In my MOC project, technology was the driving force for the change in the accounting system which is an internal process.With the IT function that AC4S provides to customers, technology is also an external driving force that the organization has to keep up with in regards to new technology in order to assist the end user of our services and/or products in making their work more efficient. If AC4S did not continue to address change in the organization such as technology, then the organization would eventually fail to meet the guidelines of the Department of Defense which is their major client. AC4S will not be able to compete with other organizations if change is not infinitely addressed, because other organizations may be able to provide the same level of customer service at a cheaper price due to upgrades in technology as one example.2.2.2. TCO BBased on conversations that I have had with my CEO in developing the material for my MOC project, I discovered that the organization that I work for does not have a Change Model that it follows or any other model that maybe usedduring the change process. However, AC4S did use a consultant that participated in the change process in the form of a change agent. The Change Agent and/or consultant helped guide us through the change. However, I believe that if the organization uses t he suggestions for the different models that AC4S should use for future changes that they will be more structured and completed sooner than expected. I say this because even though AC4S did not have any type of models in regards to organizational change that the change went fairly smooth. During our research for the MOC project, Rickey and I evaluated many different models that are involved in the change process and selected the models that fit the organization based on the fact that AC4S is an IT services provider.2.2.3. TCO EResistance to change is not unmatched in most organizations. I believe that one of the key reasons for the resistance to change is the fear of the unknown or the outcome of the change. An employee may be more or less resistant to change depending on whether the employee feels that the change is good or bad and how that change may impact them. (Managing Change Managing Peoples Fear, http//management.about.com/cs/people/a/MngChng092302.htm). There are many reas ons for resistance to change besides fear such as comfort, not perceiving a need for the change, no faith in the process, lack of trust and lack of knowledge. When dealing with resistance to change, it is important to identify who is resisting and how they are resisting to change as soon as possible because if not it can significantly slow down the change process or completely interrupt the change. As a manager, you can use the Kurt Lewins Force Field Analysis technique to combat resistance to change.This technique is used to identify the driving forces for change and reasons for resisting the change or restraining forces. agree to Kurt Lewin, An issue is held in balance by the interaction of two opposing sets of forces those seeking to promote change (driving forces) and those attempting to maintain the status quo (restraining forces). Based on Lewins theory, change can only happen if the equilibrium of the two forces that have been changed either by adding conditions that will c ause an individual to be more sociable to the change or reducing the resisting forces to the change. In order for the change to be successful, the manager in charge of the changehas to either strengthen the driving forces of the change or weaken the restraining forces of the change. During the course of our MOC project, we completed a change readiness exercise on AC4S. Based on the results of the exercise, AC4S change in regards to their accounting system will most likely succeed. The responses that we provided were based merely on my impression on the organization as a whole and are subject to change. The responses that were provided were based on observations during my employment with AC4S for the last three years.2.2.4. TCO GThe process of creating a vision for an organization starts in the mind of the leader, usually a dream for the future of the organization. The leader of the organization should not only develop the vision of the organization but develop a strategic plan on c ommunicating that vision in order to be sold and shaped to the organization. Refer to the following key questions that the vision should answer in order for individuals to want to share in the same vision Where were we? Where are we? Where are we going? Most importantly, how will we perplex there? It is critical to communicate these items to an organization in order to get the support needed for any change that may need to take place in order to meet the vision of the organization. Without knowing the vision, organization may struggle with change and labor/management problems may incur. Below are five elements used in developing the organizations vision. (Scott, et al., 1993)1. Values are the principles, the standards, the actions that people in an organization represent, which they consider inherently worthwhile and of the utmost importance. They include how people treat each other, how people, groups and organizations conduct their businesses and about what is most important to t he organization. 2. Scanning the current situation involves looking beyond the organization to its customers and suppliers and industry trends for information on what is important to them. Involving the internal customers the employees is also an important part of the process. 3. missionary work is the core purpose for which a person, team or organization is created. It is summarized in a clear, short, inspiring statement that focuses attention in one clear direction by stating the purpose of the individuals business or groups uniqueness.4. Visioning is picturingexcellence what the person, team or organization wants to create in its best possible future. It is an evocative description of what is possible. A vision is not something out there that is impractical, but a way of setting a induce scenario. Creating this image of the future requires the ability to expand ones sense of possibilities and then focus on what new initiatives can lead to success. 5. Implementation includes the strategy, plans, procedures and key actions that will put all of the above into action.In regards to the change that AC4S experienced in the change from one accounting system to another, the CEO illustrated during the kickoff meeting that with the rapid growth that our organization is experiencing that the organization would have to change accounting systems in order to keep up with our growth. Also, that this particular accounting system was selected because other known large organizations that support the Department of Defense which include our competitors and teaming partners that have the same system that has been approved and certified by the government. Finally, this accounting system will provide capabilities that will improve internal processes that again will improve customer satisfaction.3.0. Closing StatementDuring this course I have learned many organizational change concepts that I feel can be applied towards the organization with which I am currently employed, AC4S . I have identified several concepts and objectives that will be very beneficial to future changes at AC4S that will occur due to the exponential growth that is currently being experienced. These changes will be more structured and organized now that a formal Change Model and Change Management Model have been identified and that other fling concepts have been introduced. I appreciate the fact that the knowledge I have gained from this course will not only serve me well through my experiences with my employer, but will also further strengthen my management abilities.

Disipline in Schools Essay

The definitions of violence, bullying and indiscipline clearly incorporate a wide range of behaviors which can alter depending on both the background within which the behaviors are enacted, and, indeed, with whom they are directed towards. Discipline in schools is now passing through an extended eclipse. The occupation of indiscipline permeates all facets of our life.It has, in fact brought us down to the knees Each day there are thousands of kids who go to school and get picked on in some way or another. Those resembling kids will probably come home and tell nobody about the pain that they are going through inside. There are numerous causes and solutions for this problem that we are facing in our schools.One main cause is that those doing the discipline problems suffer from bad parenting. I believe that parents need to be responsible for their babyren. Theyre the ones who raised the child and filled them with their beliefs of whats right and wrong. When a principle calls home ab out a child misbehaving and the parents do nothing , that just lets the child know that its alright for him or her to do it over again.The parents will cause the child to form the mindset that he or she can do it again because they know that they wont get reprimanded for their actions. Even if their child doesnt get punished at home, that will lead the child to start acting out of control at school. Therefore, parents must take responsibility for their childrens behavior. The child needs to be teached that there will be consequences not just at school but homes as well for any discipline problems to be solved.

Back to the Future and Idioms Sabrina Ramos

Clean up the air- To get rid of doubts or hard feelings. All right, lets discuss this frankly. Itll be better if we clear the air. 2. make unnecessary at arms length- To keep at a distance not to allow to come into close contact. 3. pay ones back on the wall- to have very stern problems which limit the ways in which you can act. With rising labor costs, indus discipline has its back to the wall. 4. Bend over backwards- To betray someone.I wish you would not gossip round me. There is no make to stab me in the back. 5. Kill two birds with one stone- To solve two problems at one time with a one achievement. John was killing two birds with one stone while he learned the words to his part in the play while peeling potatoes. 6. cauterize the hands that feed you- to treat someone badly who has helped you in some way. Leaving the company atter theyve spent three years training you up i biting the hand that feeds you. 7. Once in a blue mood- very rarely.My sister lives in Alaska, so I only get to see her formerly in a blue moon 8. Break the ice- To attempt to become friends with someone. He tried to break the ice, but she was a little cold. . Out on a limb- If you go out on a limb, you state an opinion or you do something which is very different to most other people. I dont appreciate were going out on a limb in claiming that global warming is a problem that must be addressed. 10. My lips are sealed- I forget tell no one this secret or this gossip. I promise I wint tell anyone, my lips are sealed. 1 . Read between the lines- to infer something to try to understand what is meant by something that is not written explicitly or openly. After listening to what she said, if you read between the lines, you can begin to see what she really means. 12. Have two left feet- to be very awkward with ones feet. (Often refers to awkwardness at dancing. ) Im sorry, I cant dance better. I have two left feet. 13. With no string section attached- Unconditionally with no oblig ations or conditions attached.My parents gave me use of their car without any strings attached. 14. A drop in the ocean- a very small amount in comparison to the amount that is needed. A hundred thousand may seem a lot but its a drop in the ocean compared to the millions that need to be spent. 15. Turn the tables- To change a situation so that someones position is the opposite of what it was She urned the tables by playing a better game and recently has won most of her matches. 16 Hold ones tongue- To refrain from speaking to refrain from saying something unpleasant.I felt like scolding her, but I held my tongue 17. Steal (someones) thunder- To do something that takes attention away from what someone else has done I kept quiet about my pregnancy because Cathy was getting married, and I didnt want to steal her thunder. 18. Know the ropes- fellowship of how to do something how to work something Ill be able to do my Job very well when I know the ropes. 19. Call the shots- To decide on the course of action to be in charge. Sally always wants to call the shots, and Mary doesnt like to be bossed around. 20.

Anime vs Cartoons Essay

A conversation like this often occurs in conversations between teenagers and adults. Although both Cartoons and anime are caricatures that may be animated, they differ in visual characteristics and topics/themes. In terms of visual characteristics, anime is obviously closer to reality than Cartoons. gum anime characters have distinct facial expressions and a wide disagreement of physical characteristics.They depict the tone, energy, and movement of a real homo being. Cartoons, however, have features that are not intercourse to the rest of the body. Unlike Anime, Cartoon characters tend to represent almost anything, inanimate objects or animals, making its vagary further from reality. Anime topics and themes concentrate mostly in life issues or things tied closer to human emotions. Japanese animators tend to add the sense of realism in Anime.This is done by animating how water system flows, how fire burns wood, and how tears manage to fall from someones eyes. These characteristic s are what make Anime much appealing to most audiences. On the other hand, Cartoons are generally made to make spate laugh, thats why most cartoon characters are somewhat disproportional, colorful, and comical. Cartoon character traits are far from reality. They are works of imagination which are humorous. However, Cartoons lack the sense of realism.For example, when a Cartoon character cries, it isnt that effective to audiences because of the way the tears are coming from the characters eyes. Furthermore, whatever emotion should you deform to incorporate with a Cartoon character, it will still be funny. As an overall evaluation, Anime could be much better than Cartoons since it can incorporate different human movements and emotions. Unlike Cartoons, Animes charter isnt just to induce laughter, but also to depict true human nature, feelings, and emotions.

Checkpoint Childhood Development and Sexual Behavior

Checkpoint Childhood Development depend uponual Behavior 05/06/2012 Psy/265 Christopher Griffin The sexual behaviors found in fetuses and newborns are that male fetuses have erections. Both male and female fetuses will suck on their fingers. In infancy stimulation of the genitals may produce sensations of pleasure. Early as 8 months of age pelvic thrusting has been observed. Additionally, masturbation has been observed between 6 to 12 months of age. Sleeping with your infant does not be symboliseive sexual development. In early childhood statistics in regards to masturbation at ages 3 to 8 is found on perception.Early in childhood children show their interest in the genitals and may role play. comparable sex sexual activity play is more common than in heterosexual play and does not play a role in sexual orientation. In preadolescent it has been observed that preadolescents socialize with identical sex friends and become self-conscious about their bodies. Preadolescents primary method of obtaining orgasm is masturbation. Sex play in preadolescence involves displaying of genitals by both parties involved and can be with or without touching.Preadolescent equivalent sex sexual behavior is short lived and mostly for exploratory purpose. In adolescence the major sexual act is masturbation. Adolescents use petting as a pathway to obtaining sexual satisfaction without the possibility of pregnancy or ending their virgin status. Premarital sex has increased mostly in females and very few adolescents write up their sexual experience with individuals of the same sex. These encounters have been known to be transitory for the adolescent. Gay adolescents have a much harder time because of stigmatization of society.

Sheet Metal Design Site Map

yellow journalism coat anatomy website single-valued liaison Preface exploitation This Product more culture Whats parvenue? get Started en direct the bench specify the Parameters Creating the depression gear W each Creating the Side borders Creating a Cutout Creating self-activating curve balls inflorescence the qualityly Extracting skeletons Basic Tasks Managing the Default Parameters Editing the Parameters flock Extremities become nook Relief Bend passing Creating fences From an exist Solid From a Skand so forth tangent palisades From an beach Extruding Isolating fence ins Creating Rolled circumvents Creating change mildew Site Map http//arb rosy-cheekedsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugsm. htm (1 of 4) 12/7/2001 51318 PM flex from Walls automatonlike deform cone-shapedal caisson disease Bends From Line Creating sweep Walls Creating a brim Creating a ahem Creating a Tear Drop Creating a Swept Flange Redefining Swept Walls determ ines Displaying Swept Walls Axes circulateing Folded/Unfolded View Access Concurrent Access Creating a Cutout Stamping Standard Features Point Stamp Extruded Hole Curve Stamp Surface Stamp Bridge louver Stiffness Rib Creating User- learnd Stamping Features Punch and Matrix Opening and faux pas faces Editing User-Defined Stamps Patterning Site Map ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. mendelevium/src/sheugsm. htm (2 of 4) 12/7/2001 51318 PM Rectangular Patterns Circular Patterns User-Defined Patterns recess Relief Redefining a break Relief Creating a Local rap seatful Relief Creating Corners Creating Chamfers Mapping Elements Saving As DXF Reference Elements in advance(p) Tasks Integration with vary fig casting in Context numbering Modifying PowerCopies Management Creating PowerCopies Instantiating PowerCopies Saving PowerCopies smell For tag end alloy Features Workbench Description Menu Bar cerement surface Toolbar Constraints ToolbarReference Elements Toolbar Sp ecification steer Customizing Site Map http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. atomic number 101/src/sheugsm. htm (3 of 4) 12/7/2001 51318 PM Glossary Index Site Map http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. medical student/src/sheugsm. htm (4 of 4) 12/7/2001 51318 PM Preface The V5 CATIA saddlery admixture excogitation is a peeled generation crop offering an intuitive and flexible exploiter interface. It provides an associative frolic- ground mannequin making it possible to design winding-clothes metal disjoints in concurrent engineering mingled with the unfolded or folded digress bureau.V5R7 CATIA airplane Metal Design offers the following main die hards Associative and dedicated tacking Metal feature based modeling Concurrent engineering in the midst of the unfolded or folded part representation Access to comp some(prenominal) de reapate standards chitles Dedicated drawing capability including unfolded survey and specific unsextings. All piece of paper metal specifications raise be re- apply by the CATIA association Advisor to capture corporate k right wing offl borderline and increase the quality of designs. Natively integrated, CATIA saddlery Metal Design offers the same ease of lend oneself and substance ab exploiter interface consistency as all CATIA V5 applications.As a scalable product, CATIA Version 5 aeroplane Metal Design net be apply in cooperation with another(prenominal) current or future companion products in the next CATIA generation much(prenominal) as CATIA Version 5 Assembly Design and CATIA Version 5 fat outline. The widest application portfolio in the industry is alike accessible through interoperability with CATIA Solutions Version 4 to enable support of the full product development process from initial concept to product in operation. Using This Product much In dramatis personaeation Preface http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. mendelevium/src/sheugpr01. htm 12/7/2001 51319 PM Using This P roductThis guide is intended for the user who look ats to become quickly familiar with the CATIA Version 5 rag Metal Design product. The user should be familiar with basic Version 5 concepts such as account windows, standard and view toolbars. To get the most out of this guide, we suggest you start carrying and performing the little by little tutorial Getting Started. The next sections deal with the handling of more detail capabilities of the product. Using This Product http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. physician/src/sheugpr03. htm 12/7/2001 51319 PM Where to Find More InformationPrior to reading this book, we recommend that you read the Infrastructure Users Guide. The fictitious character Design Users Guide, the Assembly Design Users Guide and the Generative draught Users Guide whitethorn prove useable. Finally, you thunder mug read the cerement Metal Production Users Guide to find out more approximately that product and to amply use the interoperability bet ween the devil products. Conventions More Information http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. atomic number 101/src/sheugpr04. htm 12/7/2001 51319 PM Whats New? This table identifies what new or improved capabilities subscribe to been physicianumented in Version 5 Release 8 of the saddlery Metal Design judiciary.Basic Tasks New Creating chamfers New Displaying swept ring axes New Saving as DXF heighten Creating borders from an alert Part Enhanced Creating groins from an run into Enhanced Extruding Enhanced Defining fend off extremities when manually creating condescends from argues or impulsiveally creating them Enhanced Stamping Enhanced User interface of user- model upd stamping features (punch and cash in ones chips and cut-out and propagateing faces). Enhanced Choice of convex/concave bites when creating recessionals Enhanced Mapping elements Advanced Tasks Enhanced Creating PowerCopy Features Enhanced Instantiating PowerCopy FeaturesWhats New? http//arbred sy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugwn. htm 12/7/2001 51319 PM Getting Started Before getting into the detailed instructions for victimisation Version 5 CATIA sheet Metal Design, the following tutorial provides a step-by-step scenario demonstrating how to use key functionalities. The main labors proposed in this section ar Entering the Workbench Defining the Parameters Creating the low gear Wall Creating the Side Walls Creating a Cutout Creating Automatic Bends Unfolding the Part Extracting Drawings All together, these tasks should take about 15 minutes to complete. Getting Started ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs01. htm 12/7/2001 51319 PM Entering the planer Metal Workbench The Sheet Metal Design functions be operational when you argon in the Part environment. Several functions argon integrated from the Part Design workbench. This task shows how to enter the workbench. Choose the Mechanical Design - Sheet Metal Design item from the Start car d. The Sheet Metal toolbar is exhibited and ready to use. You may make for the Sheet Metal Design workbench to your Favorites, employ the Tools - Customize item. For more get hold ofive information, intimate to the Infrastructure Users Guide.Entering the Workbench http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs00. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51320 PM Defining the Sheet Metal Parameters This task shows you how to configure the sheet metal parameters. 1. c all over the Sheet Metal Parameters range . The Sheet Metal Parameters negotiation stroke is displayed. 2. Enter 1mm in the Thickness business line. 3. Enter 5mm in the Bend Radius field. 4. prefer the Bend Extremities tab. 5. subscribe to tan in the Bend Extremities combo list. An alternative is to look at the folding typewrite in the in writing(p) combo list. get over OK to validate the parameters and close the duologue concussionful.The Sheet Metal Parameters feature is added in the specification channel ise. 6. Defining the Parameters http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs02. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51320 PM The other two tabs atomic number 18 not used in this scenario. Defining the Parameters http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs02. htm (2 of 2) 12/7/2001 51320 PM Creating the First Wall This task shows how to nominate the first besiege of the Sheet Metal Part. 1. frankfurter the Sketcher motion picture whence look at the xy plane. 2. hold the Profile pictorial matter . 3. Sketch the contour as shown below hot dog the live on workbench depiction to return to the 3D world.The view remains take awayed. 4. bottom the Wall movie . The Wall interpretation dialog niche opens. 5. Creating the First Wall http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs03. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51320 PM By default, the Material Side is nail down to the superlative degree. perforate OK. The Wall. 1 feature is added in the specification tree 6 . The first jetty of the Sheet Metal Part is known as the Reference skirt. Creating the First Wall http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs03. htm (2 of 2) 12/7/2001 51320 PM Creating the Side Walls This task shows you how to add other bulwarks to the Sheet Metal part. blame the Wall on contact icon .The Wall On perimeter explanation dialog box opens. 1. 2. Select the unexpended edge. Enter 50mm in the Value field. The application catchs the debate. 3. By default, the stuff location is such that it ensures a perseverance with the seed write. If lacked, invert it victimization the Reverse human face thrust, or wienerwursting the arrow. 4. Click the Reverse Position spill to Invert the cogitation visibleness. Click OK. The environ is give rised and the Wall On strand. 1 feature is displayed in the specification tree 5. Creating the Side Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs04. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51321 PM 6. Select t he right edge.Click the Wall on Edge icon again. The Wall On Edge translation dialog box opens with the parameters previously opted. 7. 8. Invert the subject area profile and twaddle OK to validate. Click the Wall on Edge icon again. 9. Select the front edge. The Wall rendering dialog box opens with the parameters previously selected. 10. Enter 30mm in the Value field and 10mm in the stipulate1 and Limit2 fields, so invert the curriculum vitae profile. 11. 12. constringe OK to validate. Creating the Side Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs04. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51321 PM The final part looks equal this Creating the Side Walls ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs04. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51321 PM Creating a Cutout In this task, you will deal how to open a limn on an existing face define a contour in order to score a cutout. Select Wall On Edge. 2 from the geometry sphere to define the working(a) plane. 1. 2. Click the Sketcher icon . 3. Click the Elongated Hole icon to perform the contour. To access the oblong profile, flick the black tri merchant shipt over on the Rectangle icon. It displays a minary toolbar. Click to create the first prime and embrace the cursor. 4. Click to create the flake gear point. The first semi-axis of the rofile is created. 5. Drag the cursor and blabber to create the third point. The second semi-axis is created and the oblong profile is displayed. 6. 7. Click the Exit workbench icon to return to the 3D world. Creating a Cutout http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs05. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51321 PM 8. Select the Cutout icon . The Pocket Definition dialog box is displayed and a cutout is previewed with default parameters. 9. trammel the Type to Up to last extract to define the condition of your cutout. This sum that the application will limit the cutout onto the last possible face, that is the glacialness seawall. 0. Click OK. This is your cutout Creating a Cutout http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs05. htm (2 of 2) 12/7/2001 51321 PM Creating the Bends Automatically This task shows how to create the twist arounds automatically. Click the Automatic Bends icon . The strains are created. 1. CATIA displays the gos creation in the specification tree Automatic Bends. 1 The Sheet Metal part looks like this Creating Automatic Bends http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs06. htm 12/7/2001 51321 PM Unfolding the Sheet Metal Part This task shows how to unfold the part. 1.Click the Unfold icon . The part is unfolded according to the type wall plane, as shown below. Note that the tress limits are displayed in the unfolded view. To refold the part, click the Unfold icon again. Unfolding the Part http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs07. htm 12/7/2001 51321 PM Extracting Drawings from the Sheet Metal Part This task shows how to create the Sheet Metal Part views in the Generative Drafting workbench. The Sheet Metal part is displayed. 1. Click or select read - New 2. Select the Drawing type and click OK. The Generative Drafting workbench is launched.The New Drawing dialog box opens. 3. Click OK. For more information about this workbench, refer to Generative Drafting Users Guide. 4. The drawing sheet appears. 5. Tile the windows horizontally using the Window - Tile Horizontally menu item. 6. Select the Unfolded View icon in the Projections toolbar from Generative Drafting Workbench. This icon is added to the Projections toolbar provided the Sheet Metal workbench is present. Choose the xy plane in the Sheet Metal specification tree. The unfolded view is displayed with the worms axes and limits. 7. Eventually, the Drafting sheet looks like thisExtracting Drawings http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs08. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51322 PM Extracting Drawings http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs08. htm (2 of 2) 12/ 7/2001 51322 PM Basic Tasks The Basic Tasks section explains how to create and modify various kinds of features. Managing the Default Parameters Creating Walls Extruding Isolating Walls Creating Rolled Walls Creating Bends Creating Swept Walls Unfolding Creating a Cutout Stamping Patterning Corner Relief Creating Corners Creating Chamfers Mapping Elements Saving As DXF Reference Elements Basic Tasks ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0000. htm 12/7/2001 51322 PM Managing the Default Parameters This section explains and illustrates how to use or modify various kinds of features. The table below lists the information you will find. Using Sheet Metal Design assumes that you are in a CATPart memorandum. Edit the parameters select the Parameters tab et the wall burdensomeness and routine gas constant value. Modify the call on extremities select the Bend Extremities tab and get a pre delimitate distract type. Define the ward off landmark relaxation select th e Bend Corner Relief tab and choose a predefined quoin mitigation type.Define the forfend honorarium select the Bend adaptation tab and define the allowance value (K factor). Managing the Default Parameters http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0100. htm 12/7/2001 51322 PM Editing the Sheet and Tool Parameters This section explains how to change the different sheet metal parameters. Click the Sheet Metal Parameters icon . 1. The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box is displayed. 2. channelize the Thickness if needed. 3. Change the Bend Radius if needed. Convention dictates that the inner angle between the two walls is used to define the bend. It can vary from 0 to 180 exclusive.This angle is constant and the bend axis is rectilinear. Press the Sheet Standards Files passing to access to the company defined standards, if need be. For more information, refer to the Customizing section. 4. 5. Click OK to validate the Sheet Metal Parameters. When the Check all bend radius button is checked, and you click OK in the Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box, a list is displayed with all the air embolism the part that do not use the standard Bend Radius value as defined in step 3. Editing the Parameters http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0101. htm 12/7/2001 51322 PM Modifying the Bend ExtremitiesThis section explains how to change the bend extremities. Click the Sheet Metal Parameters icon . The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box is displayed. 1. The second tab concerns the bend extremities. A combo box displays the six possible axial relimitations for the straight bend These alternatives can in addition be accessed through the pop-up button Bend Extremities http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0103. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51322 PM Maximum the bend is calculated between the furthest opposite edges of the supporting walls. Bend Extremities http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0103. tm (2 of 2) 1 2/7/2001 51322 PM Minimum with no succour the bend corresponds to the common area of the supporting walls on the bend axis. Square relief a square relief is added to the bend bound. The L1 and L2 parameters can be circumscribed if need be. Round relief a round relief is added to the bend appendage. The L1 and L2 parameters can be circumscribed if need be. Linear the unfolded bend is split by two planes going through the corresponding limit points (obtained by projection of the bend axis onto the edges of the supporting walls). Tangent the edges of the bend are suntan to the edges of the supporting walls.Bend Corner Relief This section explains how to change the bend corner relief. Open the CornerRelief01. CAPTPart model from the samples directory. Within the Tools - Options - General - Parameters - Knowledge tab, check the Load Extended Language Libraries picking. See Customizing Knowledgeware Applications. Click the Sheet Metal Parameters icon . 1. The Sheet Metal Parameter s dialog box is displayed. The third tab concerns the bend corner relief. By default, no corner relief is created when a bend is created. Check the Automatic corner relief creation pickaxe to actuate this creation every time a bend is created.Three corner relief types are available. Select the icon corresponding to the requested type square the square corner relief is created using the bend limits. Its dimensions are defined by the width of the unfolded bends. circular its center is located at the intersection of the bend axes. For that resource, a radius is proposed by default. It is equal to the bend radius + the onerousness. To change it Selecting form - discharge from the contextual menu of the input field and enter a new value, clicking on the button and entering a new pattern. Bend Corner Relief http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt0104. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51323 PM triangular the triangular relief is created from the intersection point of the i nner bend limits towards the intersection points of the outer bend limits with each wall. The corner relief is not previewed during its creation. The corner relief is taken into account in the unfolded view. For better result, you should select the Maximum Bend Extremities option when creating corner relief. These parameters are applied to each corner relief created or to be created, remove to those with that have been redefined, or the locally defined corner relieves.Bend Corner Relief http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0104. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51323 PM Defining the Bend Allowance This section explains the calculations related to folding/unfolding operations. Click the Parameters icon . 1. The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box is displayed. The fourth tab concerns the bend allowance. When a bend is unfolded, the sheet metal deformation is represented by the bend allowance V, defined by the convening L = A + B + V where L is the total unfolded length A and B the dimension lengths as defined on the figures below bend 90 bend 90Bend Allowance http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0102. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51323 PM Another way to compute the sheet metal deformation is the neutral fiber definition (K Factor) W = a * (R + k * T) where W is the matte bend width R the inner bend radius T the sheet metal weightiness a the inner bend angle in radians. If b is the opening bend angle in degrees a = p * (180 b) / 180 Physically, the neutral fiber represents the limit between the material compressed area intimate the bend and the extended area out position the bend. Ideally, it is represented by an arc located inside the thickness and entered on the bend axis. Therefore the K Factor always has a value between 0 and 0. 5. When you define the sheet metal parameters, a literal feature defines the default K Factor, according to the hurly burly standard K = (0. 65 + log(R / T) / 2) / 2 This facial expression can be de actua te or circumscribed using Knowledge Advisor workbench. When a bend is created, the bend K Factor and the bend allowance literals are created. Two cases may hence occur If the Sheet Metal K Factor has an activated face and uses the default bend radius as input parameter, the same formula is activated on the bend K Factor with the bend radius as input.Else the bend K Factor is a formula equal to the Sheet Metal K Factor. The bend allowance literal is equal to a formula representing the use of the bend K Factor. This formula is fairly complex and it is strongly recommended not to delete it. V = a * (R + k * T) 2 * (R + T) * tan ( min(p/2,a) / 2) Though it is possible to deactivate the formula to enter a fixed value. Finally, the bend flat width is computed from the bend allowance value. The bend allowance can be locally redefined when creating bends from walls, generating bends automatically, Bend Allowance http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0102. tm (2 of 3) 1 2/7/2001 51323 PM Creating Walls This section explains and illustrates different methods to create walls. name walls from an existing Part click the icon, and select a face of a wall Create a wall from a sketch use the sketcher to define the profile, and pay off the material side. Create a wall tangent to another one select a profile coincident with an existing wall, and select the wall to which it should be tangent Create a wall from an edge select a wall edge, set the height, limits, angle, consequently the sketch and material sides Creating walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt0800. htm 12/7/2001 51323 PM Creating Walls From an Existing Part This task illustrates how to create a Sheet Metal part using an existing Part, that is recognizing the thin part shapes of the Part as created using the Part Design workbench or from a CATIA Version 4 Solid for example. Open the WallScenario1. CATPart enter from the samples directory. The document contains a Part c reated in the Part Design workbench and it looks like this 1. Click the Walls Recognition icon 2. Click any face to be the address wall. The Walls Recognition Definition dialog box is displayed. 3.Choose the Wall creation mode Part body recognition the whole solid is processed and walls are created wherever possible tho selected faces only explicitly selected faces of the solid are processed and the corresponding walls are created. The Reference wall is indicated in the Walls Recognition Definition dialog box for information only (it is grayed out). From an Existing Solid http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0201. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51323 PM Select faces as the Compulsory walls. These are faces from which the walls are to be getd when in that respect might be an ambiguity.For example, if the initial part is a box, you will need to select two opposite inner faces and outer faces on the other two sides of the box, in order to avoid overlapping when generating the walls. 4. 5. make up ones mind the Internal profiles recognition mode As cut out wall generates walls with inner contours (no cutout feature is generated) iodine cut out by wall regardless of how many pockets there are on a face of the solid, only one cutout feature is generated per wall One cut out by profile for each inner contour on the sketch-based solid, a cutout feature is generated None whether there are pockets on the solid aces, or not, no cutout feature is created in the resulting SheetMetal features. The Generate Bends check button allows the automatic creation of bends as the walls are being created, wherever applicable. 6. Click Apply. The walls are generated from the Part Design geometry. The Walls Recognition. 1 feature is added to the tree view. At the same time, the Sheet Metal parameters are created, deduced from the Part geometry. Select the icon to display the sheet metal parameters 7. the Thickness is equal to 1mm the Bend radius is twice the thickness va lue the Bend Extremities field is set to Square relief.From an Existing Solid http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0201. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51323 PM You can modify a few of these parameters The Thickness parameter cannot be modify because it is based, like the bend extremities and radius, on the initial solid geometry . However you can modify these parameters (bend radius and bend extremities) to be taken into account for sheet metal features other than the recognized ones. The bend allowance, being used to unfold the part, and the corner relief affect all features, and thus can be edited nevertheless for recognized features. . Click OK in the Sheet Metal Parameters when all parameters have been redefined where needed. The solid is now a Sheet Metal part. All the features are displayed in the specification tree. Once the solid has been converted to a Sheet Metal part, you can create bends as with any other Sheet Metal part, or modify/add Sheet Metal feature s to complete the design. Uncheck the Generate Bends button, if you do not lack bends to be created automatically. From an Existing Solid http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0201. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51323 PM Creating Walls from a SketchThis task shows how to create a wall from a sketch. You must be in the Sheet Metal Workbench, with a . CATPart document open, and you must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters. Set the sketcher grid to H = 100mm and V = 100mm, using the Tools - Options, Mechanical Design - Sketcher, Sketcher tab. 1. Click the Sketcher icon then select the xy plane. 2. Select the Profile icon . 3. Sketch the contour as shown below 4. Click the Exit workbench icon to return to the 3D world. Click the Wall icon . The Wall Definition dialog box opens. 5. By default, the Material Side is set to the top.From a Sketch http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0801. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51324 PM Click OK. The Wall. 1 feature is adde d in the specification tree. 6. The first wall of the Sheet Metal Part is known as the Reference wall. Click the sketcher icon from the Wall Definition dialog box, if you wish to directly edit the selected sketch. When exiting the sketcher, you then go back to the wall creation step, without having to reactivate the Wall icon. This is also very useful if you have selected an edge from a wall and clicked the Wall icon . In this case, the sketcher is utomatically activated and the plane defined as being the selected edges plane. You can then directly draw a sketch, then exit the sketcher and return to the wall creation step. From a Sketch http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0801. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51324 PM You can directly create a wall with a hole, by selecting a sketch with an inner contour (the contours must not intersect) Sketch with inner contour Resulting wall Note however, that the emptied area is part of the wall and is not a separate cutout that can b e edited. From a Sketch ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0801. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51324 PM Creating Tangent Walls This task shows how to create a wall tangent to a planar part of another wall or of a brim. This capability will then allow this tangent wall to be seen when unfolding the part, even though there is no bend linking it to its tangent support, provided this support is unfoldable too. Open the TangentWall1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select a face of an existing wall and click the Sketcher icon . Here we selected the flanges planar face. 1. 2.Select the Profile icon and sketch the contour as shown below Using the Constraint Defined in Dialog box icon, set coincidence constraints between the edges where the support and sketch are to coincide. 3. 4. Click the Exit workbench icon to return to the 3D world. betray sure the sketch is stock-still active, then click the Wall icon . 5. The Wall Definition dialog box opens. Tangent Wa lls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0803. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51324 PM Note the orientation of the wall to be created. Click inside the Tangent to field, then select the wall to hich the new wall has to be tangent. 6. Here, you need to select the planar face of the flange. Note that the orientation automatically changes to conform to the material orientation already defined on the support wall. Click OK. The wall is created and a Wall. xxx feature is added in the specification tree. 7. Tangent Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0803. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51324 PM If you want to create the wall on a wall that cannot be unfolded, the system issues a warning and prevents you from creating the tangent wall. Tangent Walls ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0803. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51324 PM Click the Unfold icon . The tangent wall is unfolded as a wall linked by a bend to another wall, would be. 8. Creating Wa lls From An Edge This task shows how to create walls from edges of an existing wall. This function is used to create a box in an easy and quick way from an existing reference wall. At least one wall must already exist. Open the Wall1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Click the Wall on Edge icon and select an edge of an existing wall. 1. The Wall On EdgeDefinition dialog box is displayed together with a preview of the wall. Define the type of wall to be created by specifying the Reference, that is 2. the Height of the wall that is the orthogonal projection from the top of the wall on edge to the reference wall. Select the icon to define the height of the wall from the bottom of the reference wall or the icon to define the height of the wall from the top of the reference wall. the Length of the wall that is the absolute value of the wall on edge without bend. From an Edge http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. tm (1 of 6) 12/7/2001 51325 PM the limit s of the wall LIM1 and LIM2. These texts only indicate on which side a given limit is. They are not precisely on the limit spots. The substantial locations of the limits are defined with the icons and an input distance that is taken into account respectively from the inner side of an existing bend, the inner side of an existing wall or the outer side of an existing wall. the angle of the wall by default it is perpendicular to the plane containing the edge. You may modify it according to your needs. it is updated dynamically on the screen. This preview gives information about he Sketch Profile by default, if you pick an edge on the top of the reference wall, the caution of the wall is upwards, if you pick an edge on the bottom of the reference wall the direction of the wall is downwards. Preview with top edge selected Preview with bottom edge selected You can invert the sketchs position, and therefore the walls, using the Reverse Position button. Preview with bottom edge selected a nd sketch profile inverted From an Edge http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (2 of 6) 12/7/2001 51325 PM the material side by default the aterial side is proposed so as to keep a continuity with the reference profile. However, you can change it by clicking the red arrow or the Reverse Side button. Check the Clearance option to offset the wall on edge from the selected edge. 3. The entered value is the radius of the bend on this edge. Wall on edge with clearance Wall on edge without clearance Note that the reference wall remains unchanged when changing the bend radius value. It is the Wall on Edges length that is affected. You can also choose to create the wall with or without a bend by checking the With Bend option. 4.If there is no wall from which a limit can be computed, the reference element is the edge of the reference wall. From an Edge http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (3 of 6) 12/7/2001 51325 PM A wall on edge is de fined by the selected edge (reference edge). When the reference edge is circumscribed, by adding any feature that shortens the edge (a bend to an adjacent wall on edge or a cutout for example) the wall on edge based on this reference edge is recomputed. To avoid this you may create the bend manually on the wall modifying the edge used as the reference to create the other wall eorder the creation of walls to postpone the creation of the modifying feature Both limits are computed with the same reference icon. The bend is not previewed, even if the option With Bend is checked. However it will be created. The selected options are modal(a) and will be proposed to create the next wall. Walls on edge being contextual features, if you break the profiles continuity by inverting the material side of a wall, you may have to manually re-specify all features based upon the modified one, even if they are not directly connected to the modified wall, in order to update the part afterwards.This is the case when creating a wall on edge from another wall on edge, for example From an Edge http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (4 of 6) 12/7/2001 51325 PM If you invert the material side of the reference wall on which the first wall on edge has been created, both walls on edge are relocated (as if you were flipping the geometry) If you invert the material side of the first wall on edge (and not the material side of the reference wall), the second wall on edge is relocated. Indeed, its specification being relative to the first wall on edge, when its input data (i. e. he edge selected on the first wall on edge) is modified, the second wall on edge is rebuilt at a new location. 5. Click OK in the Wall On Edge Definition dialog box. A WallOnEdge. x element is created in the specification tree. A WallOnEdge. x element can be edited double-click it in the graphic area or in the specification tree to display its creation dialog box and modify the parameters d escribed above, including the edge from which it is created. However, the sketch of a wall on edge cannot be edited directly. Would you need to edit the sketch of a wall on edge, you have to impound it first. See Isolating Walls.You can cut or facsimile and paste a wall on edge. If you cut and paste a wall on edge with children elements, these children elements are lost. This may result in update errors. You cannot undo an Isolate action after having modified the wall. Isolating a wall on edge erases all updating data. From an Edge http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (5 of 6) 12/7/2001 51325 PM Extruding This task explains how to create a wall by protuberance. You must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters. A model is available in the Extrude1. CATPart from the samples directory. 1. Click the forcing out icon . 2.Select a sketch. The Extrusion Definition dialog box is displayed. Several types of extrusion are available ratio the requested input data are a sketch and a dimension, Up to plane or Up to surface a plane or a surface are input as limit to the extrusion. These functions are used to create walls that are not angular. 3. Edit the Length1 and Length2 to set both extremities, for option Dimension. Extruding http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (1 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM 4. Define the options as needed Check the option Mirrored extent to extent the material on both sides of the sketch.In that case, only Length1 can be edited. This option is only available if the type is set to Dimension. Extruding http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (2 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM muscularity Invert Material Side to invert the direction of the creation of the material. 5. Click OK. The walls corresponding to the selected sketch are created according to the specified options, and added to the specification tree. When the extrusion is the first Sheet Metal feature of the Part, th e reference wall is the first wall created based on the first segment of the sketch.For option Up to Surface, while the wall end that is limited by the surface has the shape of the surface, its thickness does not fit the surface. It is a rectangular polygon defined by the first edge that comes into contact with the surface. Extruding http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (3 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM Check Symmetrical thickness to create thickness inside and outside the sketch. Such an extrusion can also be performed on a sketch made of lines and arcs of circle, provided there are no tangency discontinuities between the different elements. However, in this ase, the Up to plane or Up to surface capabilities are not available, and you cannot isolate such an extrusion. Extrusion walls can be edited and/or separated. The sketch may not be closed. Extruding http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (4 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM Isolating W alls This task explains how to isolate a wall. This is possible in two cases 1. after having created walls by extrusion (see Extruding) 2. after having created a wall on edge (see Creating Walls from an Edge). You must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters. A model is available in the Extrude2. CATPart from the samples directory.Isolating Extruded Walls Right-click the Extrusion. 1 feature and choose the Extrusion. 1 object - Isolate contextual menu item. 1. The Extrusion Isolate dialog box is displayed. Select one of the wall of the extrusion to be isolated. 2. The selected wall is highlighted in the geometry. This wall is the reference wall, meaning that it can be modified and the other walls will take the readjustment into account. On the other hand if the other walls are modified the reference wall is an anchoring wall, and modifications will be made around it. The Extrusion Isolate dialog box is updated. 3. Click OK in the dialog box.The walls of the extrusion have been isol ated, each with its own sketch. Yet coincidence constraints are automatically generated between the isolated walls. Isolating Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (1 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM The extrusions initial sketch is retained (Sketch. 1 in the example above). Double-click the sketch of the reference wall (here Sketch. 3) and modify it by increasing its length. 4. Exit the Sketcher using the Exit icon . 5. The Part is updated. You can note that the wall that was adjacent to the beautify, now lies on it, as it is the reference wall that was modified.Isolating Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (2 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM However, had you modified the sketch of the wall lying on the pad (Sketch. 4), moving it hike away from Wall. 2 as shown here to the right, the updated pad would not take the gap between the walls into account. The resulting part looks like this (Wall. 3 has been modified but still coinci des with Wall. 2) Isolating Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (3 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM You can then edit its sketch if needed. In the present case, the wall on edge had been created with a end. Therefore when isolating this wall from the reference wall, the bend is created as a separate feature that can be edited as well. The angle value between the two walls is displayed for edition. You cannot undo an Isolate action after having modified the wall. Isolating a wall on edge erases all updating data. Isolating Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (4 of 4) 12/7/2001 51325 PM Isolating Walls on Edge Right-click the wall on edge and choose the Wall On Edge contextual menu item. 1. The wall on edge is then changed to a standard wall, as you can see from the specification tree.Creating Rolled Walls This task shows how to create rolled walls (such as pipes, open pipes with flange, etc. ). You must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters, and have a sketch available, in the form of an circular arc. The part is available in the Rolledwall1. CATPart from the samples directory. 1. Click the Extrusion icon . 2. Select the circular sketch. 3. Make sure the type is set to Dimension. Length 1 and Length 2 indicate the location of Limit 1 and Limit 2. 4. 5. Define the options as needed (the length being down to -50 mm) Creating Rolled Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt1000. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51326 PM Check the option Mirrored extent to extend the material on both sides of the sketch. In that case, only Length1 can be edited. Check Symmetrical thickness to create thickness inside and outside the sketch. Push Invert Material Side to invert the direction of the creation of the material. Click OK in the dialog box to create the rolled wall 6. Creating Rolled Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1000. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51326 PM The rolled wall i s a particular extrusion he input sketch is either a circular arc or a closed circle, the creation type is always Dimension. The sketch may be open. In that case, you can define where the opening should be. The sketch may be closed. In that case, you have no control on the opening location. The only operations you can combine with a rolled wall in a Sheet Metal model are flanges and cutouts. No other elements (standard wall, bend, ) are allowed. Creating Rolled Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1000. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51326 PM Creating Bends on WallsThis section explains and illustrates different methods to create bends on walls. Bends can only be created between walls, whether manually or automatically, and not between any other Sheet Metal features, such as stamps for example. Create bends from wall select the two walls, set the bend radius value, the bend extremities, and specify the use of corner relief Generate bends automatically select the par t, then a reference wall Create conical bends select the part, and choose a reference wall Create flat bends select a sketch, set the creation mode and limiting option, set the radius and angle in relation to the selected sketch.Creating Bends http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0210. htm 12/7/2001 51326 PM Manually Creating Bends from Walls This task explains two ways to create bends between walls in the Sheet Metal part. These bends can be created on non-connex walls, and with a constant radius value. Open the BendExtremities01. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Select the Bend icon . The Bend Definition dialog box opens. Note that the Radius field is in gray because it is driven by a formula at that time, you cannot modify the value. Select Wall. 2 and Wall. 5 in the specification tree.The Bend Definition dialog box is updated. 2. Right-click the Radius field the contextual menu appears. 3. Deactivate the formula you can now change the value. 4. Enter 4mm for the Radius and click Preview. 5. The bend is previewed, along with its orientation symbolized by arrows. The left hand and Right texts further indicate this orientation and are useful to define different bend extremities. Manually Creating Bends from Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0202. htm (1 of 4) 12/7/2001 51327 PM 6. Click the More button to display further options You can define he left and right extremity settings (see also extremities definition settings) the corner relief definition settings and the bend allowance settings. Within the Left Extremity tab, choose the Mini with round relief bend extremity type, deactivate the L1 and L2 length formulas, and set them to 6mm and 3mm respectively. 7. Click the Right Extremity tab, and choose the Curved shape type. 8. Click Preview to visualize the left and right extremities. 9. Click OK in the Bend Definition dialog box. 10. The Bend is created with the specified extremity types. Manual ly Creating Bends from Walls ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0202. htm (2 of 4) 12/7/2001 51327 PM The extremities and the corner relief defined with the current dialog box will apply locally and prevail over any other global definition. Be careful when creating bends with square or round relief. Depending on the geometry configuration, this can buy the farm to removing more matter than you would expect. Indeed, a corner relief being computed on the whole intersection of the elements confused (bends or bend/wall), in the following configuration the matter is removed till the end of the wall.Bend with no relief Bend with square relief In this case, it is best to replace the bend corner relieves with cutouts (identified in red in the figure below) that will act as corner relieves removing matter to the part. Manually Creating Bends from Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0202. htm (3 of 4) 12/7/2001 51327 PM Generating Bends Automati cally This task explains how to automatically generate bends between walls in the Sheet Metal part. You can first create all the bends, then modify the parameters for any of the generated bends.However, when an ambiguity arises, that is when more than two bends end on the same vertex, the bends are not automatically generated. You then need to create them manually, so as to explicitly select the walls between which the bends are to be created. Open the BendExtremities01. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Select the Automatic Bends icon . The bends are created. Generating Bends Automatically http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0206. htm (1 of 4) 12/7/2001 51327 PM Double-click the bend of interest Bend. 4 The Bend Definition dialog box opens. 2. Right-click the Radius field the contextual enu appears. 3. Deactivate the formula you can now change the value. 4. Enter 4mm for the Radius and click Preview. 5. Bend. 4 is modified. 6. Click the More button to display further options You can re-define the left and right extremity settings (see also extremities definition settings) the corner relief definition settings and the bend allowance settings. Generating Bends Automatically http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0206. htm (2 of 4) 12/7/2001 51327 PM Within the Left Extremity tab, choose the Mini with round relief bend extremity type, deactivate the L1 and L2 length formulas, and set them o 6mm and 3mm respectively. 7. Click the Right Extremity tab, and choose the Curved shape type. 8. 9. Click OK in the Bend Definition dialog box. The bend is modified with the specified options The extremities and the corner relief defined with the current dialog box will apply locally and prevail over any other global definition. Push the more button to display the extremities definition settings and the corner relief definition settings and the bend allowance settings. Generating Bends Automatically http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/She English/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0206. htm (3 of 4) 12/7/2001 51327 PM Creating Conical BendsThis task explains how to generate conical bends between two walls in the Sheet Metal part. These bends are different from the standard bend in that they allow different radius values at each end of the bend. Open the ConicalBend1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the Conic Bend icon . The Conic Bend Definition dialog box opens. 1. Select Wall. 1 and Wall. 2 in the specification tree or in the geometry. The Bend Definition dialog box is updated, and arrows are displayed indicating the walls orientation. 2. You can click on the arrow to invert them if needed. The LIM1 and LIM2 texts indicate the endpoints for the bend.Enter the radius values for each end of the conical bend. If the difference between the specified radius values does not allow the generation of a cone with an angle greater than 1 degree, a warning is issued prompting you to increase one of the radii. Click OK i n the precedent dialog box, and increase/decrease the radius values. 3. Conical Bends http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0204. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51327 PM By default, Radius 2 is twice Radius 1. 4. Click More to display further options. 5. Choose the bend extremities Mini with no relief the shortest possible bend is created, and presents no reliefCurve shaped the bend is created keeping the tangency continuity with the support walls. Maximum the bend is calculated between the furthest opposite edges of the supporting walls. 6. Click OK. The Bend is created. The two walls must be connected by the edge of their familiar faces. The Angle field is locked. It indicates the angle value between the two walls between which the bend is computed. Conical Bends http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0204. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51327 PM Should you choose the Curve shaped extremity option, the bend would look like thisConical Bends http//arbredsy/FmoC XR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0204. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51327 PM Creating Bends From a Line This task explains how to generate bends based on a line (also called flat bends) in the Sheet Metal part. A wall and a bend are created. Open the FlatBend1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the reference wall then the Bend From Flat icon . 1. The Bend From Flat Definition dialog box opens. Select a sketch (Sketch. 3 here). This sketch must necessarily be a line. 2. 3. You can choose the line extrapolation option he line is extrapolated up to the wall edge (Bend From Flat Until) the line is not extrapolated, and the bend is limited to the lines length (Bend From Flat Length) Set the bend radius value. You may need to deactivate the formula using the Formula - Deactivate contextual menu on the Radius field. 4. 5. Set the angle value between the generated wall and the reference wall. 6. Click OK to create the bend. Bends From Line http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/s heug. doc/src/sheugbt0205. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51328 PM When creating such a bend on a reference wall (first wall), an arrow indicates which part is to be folded.Click this arrow to invert the side that will be bent. Such bends cannot be created, if the section to be folded already intersects the part. Bends from line should be performed on end walls, or prior to creating further walls on the bent one. Perform the bend originally creating the stamping features, as stamps are not retained when the part is folded with the bend. Bends From Line http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0205. htm (2 of 2) 12/7/2001 51328 PM Creating Swept Walls This section explains and illustrates how to create and use various kinds of swept walls, i. e. alls based on a given contour that is swept along a gummed label. Create a flange select a spine, and set the radius, length, and angle values. Create a hem select a spine, and set the radius, and length values. Create a tear drop se lect a spine, and set the radius, and length values. Create a swept flange select a spine, and a user-defined profile Redefine swept walls limits choose the Relimited type, and select a point lying on the spine or a plane average to the spine and intersecting it as limits Display swept walls axes in drafting sheets open a CATDrawing document, click the Unfolded View icon, and select a planeSelecting the Spine Whatever the type of the swept wall you wish to create, you first need to select one or more coextensive edges to make up the spine along which the contour, either pre- or user-defined, is to be swept. You can manually select one, or more, edge(s) Selection without propagation Resulting flange without propagation select one edge and click the Tangency Propagation button all adjacent and tangent edges are selected. In this case, would you need to remove one edge, you need to manually select it. regain that only extremity edges can be removed without breaking the continuity b etween edges.Creating Swept Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0600. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51328 PM Selection with propagation Resulting flange with propagation Creating Swept Walls http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0600. htm (2 of 2) 12/7/2001 51328 PM Creating a Flange This task explains how to generate a flange from a spine and a profile. Open the SweptWall01. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Select the Flange icon . The Flange Definition dialog box opens. 2. Select the edge as shown in red. Creating a Flange http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt0601. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51328 PM Enter 2mm in the Radius field, 10mm in the Length field and 120 for the Angle. 3. Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to locally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula - Deactivate out fron t editing the value. 4. In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click OK to create the flange. Creating a Flange http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0601. tm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51328 PM The feature is added to the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially neighboring edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine). You can redefine the flange limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Flange http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0601. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51328 PM Creating a Hem This task explains how to generate a hem from a spine and a profile. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall02.CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the Hem icon in the Swept Walls sub-toolbar. 1. The Hem Definition dialog box opens. 2. Select the edges as shown in red. Creating a Hem http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0602. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM Enter 2mm in the Radius field, and 3mm in the Length field. 3. Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to locally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula - Deactivate before editing the value. 4.In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click OK to create the hem. Creating a Hem http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0602. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM The feature is added to the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially contiguous edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine). You can redefine the hem limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Hem http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEngl ish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0602. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM Creating a Tear DropThis task explains how to generate a tear drop from a spine and a profile. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall03. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the Tear Drop icon in the Swept Walls sub-toolbar. 1. The Tear Drop Definition dialog box opens. 2. Select the edge as shown in red. Creating a Tear Drop http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0603. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM Enter 3mm in the Radius field, and 8mm in the Length field. 3. Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to ocally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula - Deactivate before editing the value. 4. In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click OK to create t he tear drop. Creating a Tear Drop http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0603. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM The feature is added to the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially contiguous edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine).You can redefine the tear drop limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Tear Drop http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0603. htm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM Creating a Swept Flange This task explains how to generate a swept flange from a spine and a user-defined profile. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall04. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Using the Sketcher , define a profile in the yz plane as shown below Then quit the Sketcher, using the Exit iconSelect the Swept Flange icon in the Swept Walls sub-toolbar. 2. The User Defined Flange Definiti on dialog box opens. 3. Select the edge and the profile, as shown in red. Creating a Swept Flange http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0604. htm (1 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM The dialog box looks like this Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to locally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula - Deactivate before editing the value. 4.In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click OK to create the swept flange. Creating a Swept Flange http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0604. htm (2 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM The feature is added in the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially contiguous edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine). You can redefine the tear drop limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Swept Flange http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0604. tm (3 of 3) 12/7/2001 51329 PM Redefining Swept Wall Limits This task explains how to redefine the spines limits when creating any type of swept walls, using existing geometric elements points lying on the spine or intersecting planes.. Open the SweptWall01. CATPart document. 1. Select the Flange icon . The Flange Definition dialog box opens. Using the combo list, choose the Relimited type. 2. The Flange Definition dialog box is updated and now displays two Limit fields. Select the spine. Here we select a single edge. See also Selecting the Spine. 3. Redefining Swept Walls Limits http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt0606. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51330 PM Successively select the two limiting elements. Here we select a point lying on the spine as the first selecting element, and a plane intersecting the spine as the second limiting element. 4. Make sure intersecting el ements are normal to the spine, and they intersect it only once. delimitate the swept wall values. In the example of the flange you set the Radius, Length and Angle values. You may also click More to display further options. See Creating a Flange. 5. 6. Click OK. The swept wall is created inwardly the limits on the spine. Redefining Swept Walls Limits ttp//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0606. htm (2 of 2) 12/7/2001 51330 PM Displaying Swept Wall Axes This task explains how to generate an unfolded view of a part with swept wall in a drawing sheet including the axes of planar hems, tear drops, and flanges are displayed within the drawing. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall05. CATPart document from the samples directory. Make sure that the Generate axis button is checked in the Tools - Options - Mechanical Design - Drafting - Generation tab, prior to generating a view in a .CATDrawing document. 1. Cli ck or select File - New 2. Select the Drawing type and click OK. 3. Click OK. For more information about this workbench, refer to Generative Drafting Users Guide. Displaying Swept Walls Axes http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0605. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51330 PM 4. The drawing sheet appears. Tile the windows horizontally using the Window - Tile Horizontally menu item. 5. Select the Unfolded View icon in the Projections toolbar from Generative Drafting Workbench. 6. This icon is added to the Projections toolbar provided the Sheet Metal workbench is present.Choose the xy plane in the Sheet Metal specification tree. The unfolded view is displayed with the planar swept wall axes. 7. Displaying Swept Walls Axes http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0605. htm (2 of 2) 12/7/2001 51330 PM Unfolding Unfolded Sheet Metal parts can be displayed in two ways Folded/Unfolded View Access Concurrent Access Each Sheet Metal feature is created in a given view f olded, or unfolded. Editing a feature must be through with(p) in its definition view. If not, a message is automatically issued, prompting you to change views, before editing the feature. Unfolding http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt1200. htm 12/7/2001 51330 PM Folded/Unfolded View Access This task shows how to unfold the part. 1. Click the Unfold icon . The part is unfolded according to the reference wall plane, as shown below. 2. Click this icon again to refold the part for the next task. Bend limits and stamping are now displayed in the unfolded view. When designing in context, If a CATProduct document contains some(prenominal) SheetMetal parts, only one part can be visualized in the unfolded view at a time. Folded/Unfolded View Access http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1201. htm 12/7/2001 51330 PM Concurrent AccessThis task explains how to display the Sheet Metal part in two windows one with the folded view, one with the unfolded view. Any modification in one window is displayed in the other window. 1. Click the Multi-view icon . The part is unfolded in a second window. 2. Choose the Window - Tile Horizontally menu item. Both windows are tiled. Activate the window in which you want to work. Concurrent Access http//arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1202. htm (1 of 2) 12/7/2001 51330 PM Any modification in one view is taken into account in the other view enabling the user to make modifications in the best possible context.In the multi-view mode as in the standard unfolded view, all constraints are displayed in the geometrical views. Once in the Multi-view mode, the standard icon Unfold is not longer available. The Multi-view function is not available from a standard unfolded view. Only parts with bends can be unfolded. Cutting faces and open faces are not displayed in Multi-view mode. Concurrent Access